PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Nivolumab, a fully human anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody, was the first ICI that demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) compared to docetaxel in patients with squamous (CheckMate 017 trial) [2] and non-squamous (CheckMate 057 trial) [3] NSCLC that experienced disease progression during first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.