Overexpression of the 3’-UTR of PTENP1 in cell lines and in vivo studies has been shown to upregulate PTEN, thereby blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway and decreasing cell proliferation and metastasis, and increasing apoptosis in prostate (DU145) [17], renal (ACHN and SN12MP6) [105], liver (SK-Hep1 and SMMC-7721) [108], breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) [110,111,157], bladder (T24 and T5637) [112], gastric (MGC803 and BGC823) [116], oesophageal (Eca19), cervical (CasKi and HeLa) [115], and endometrial (RL-952, JEC and HEC-1B) [114] cancer cell lines. Here, PTEN is linked to cancer.