These cells share a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) [79], with aberrant oncogenes and transcription factors (like ETS1) expression [80] that promote apoptosis resistance, and secretion of several cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, PAI-1) associated with the development of CCA [78]. Here, IL6 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.