TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: In mouse models of MSS CRC with CMS4 phenotype, TGFβ inhibition exerted synergic anti-tumor effects with anti-PD-L1 therapy [9], while we previously identified a CMS4-like subgroup within MSI CRCs displaying TGFβ-active stroma as well as an ICI resistance signature [15].