Analysis of glioma tumors from the TCGA French cohort shows increased levels of NRP1 transcripts in GBMs as well as in other types of higher-grade gliomas, such as grade III astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendromas, compared to non-tumoral-brain-tissue or lower-grade gliomas (Figure 1A). This evidence concerns the gene NRP1 and glioma.