In accordance with the spreading of XVir-N-31 in the LN-229 GBMs after the INA of LX-2/XVir (Figure 1), HMGB1 was clearly evident within the tumor area 12 days after the INA of LX-2/XVir, but not if unloaded shuttle cells were intranasally applied. Here, HMGB1 is linked to neoplasm.