BAX and type 1 diabetes mellitus: While the cytoplasmic levels of Bcl2 showed a significant reduction, the cytoplasmic Bax, cytochrome-c, and cleaved caspase-3 were higher with significant differences in the LVs of the STZ-T1DM and STZ-T1DM + bursal-treated group compared to the control rats, and were significantly reversed in the LVs of the STZ-T1DM + ESA-treated rats (Figure 3A–D).