The LVs of the STZ-T1DM + ESA + brusatol-treated rats showed higher concentrations of TNF-α, ICAM-1, MDA, and IL-6 and lower levels of GSH, HO-1, and SOD1 compared to the controls and STZ-T1DM + ESA-treated rats (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus.