The cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of Nrf2 were significantly higher, while the cytoplasmic levels of keap1 showed a significant reduction in the LVs of ESA- and STZ-T1DM + ESA-treated animals in comparison with the control group or STZ-T1DM model rats (Figure 1A–E). Here, KEAP1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.