NFKB1 and diabetic cardiomyopathy: Nonetheless, the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is a complex mechanism that involves alterations in multiple interconnected signaling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa-beta (NF-κB), and the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways [10].