KEAP1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: However, the STZ-T1DM + ESA + brusatol-treated rats had significantly higher cytoplasmic levels of keap1 and significantly lower cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of Nrf2 compared to the STZ-T1DM + ESA-treated rats—levels that were not significantly different compared to the STZ-T1DM model rats (Figure 1A–E).