Another study conducted by Dave et al., which assessed if patients initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors were at an increased risk of developing severe UTI (hospitalization for UTI, urinary sepsis and pyelonephritis) compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), showed that the risk of severe and non-severe UTI among patients initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors was similar to the rates among patients initiating other classes of drugs [58]. Here, DPP4 is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.