TNF and pancreatic neoplasm: The researchers found that the combination of BV6 and 2′3′-cGAMP effectively triggered necroptosis in pancreatic cancer through MLKL phosphorylation and the stimulation of NF-κB, type I interferons (IFNs), TNFα, and IFN-regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) signaling pathways [179].