TNF and metabolic syndrome: Therefore, given the ambiguity in the definition of MetS in childhood and adolescence, it becomes necessary to investigate the role of novel, non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), TG/HDL ratio, apolipoprotein (Apo) B/A1 ratio, leptin, adiponectin, homocysteine, interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A), TNF-α, and interferon-γ (INF-γ), in predicting future CVD in order to detect it earlier and prevent it.