For example, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), a class of amino acids more abundant in proteins of animal origin, have been reported to interfere with insulin signaling via the stimulation of mTOR and S6K1 and the phosphorylation of IRS1 on serine residues, thus potentially affecting diabetes-related metabolic pathways [29,30,31]. This evidence concerns the gene IRS1 and diabetes mellitus.