BDNF and depressive symptom measurement: At the molecular level, several alterations in the homeostasis of hippocampal function are involved in the development and/or aggravation of depression, including impairment in the biogenic amines and glutamate (Glu) signaling [72], decrease in the BDNF levels [73], imbalance in the neurogenesis, apoptosis, and autophagia [74], and increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation [75,76] (Figure 1).