They identified several pathways related to the signal transduction pathways of VPA in malignancy and non-malignancy settings as well as tumor proliferation and migration, including the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), hedgehog signaling, Il6/JAK/STAT3, coagulation, NOTCH, apical junction, xenobiotic metabolism, and complement signaling (Supplementary Table S3). Here, IL6 is linked to neoplasm.