PARP1 and liver cancer: In particular, the pegylated PARP-1 motif may be relevant for HBV-associated liver cancer, as the PARP-1-specific antagonist inhibits both PARP-1-dependent DNA repair [32] and PARP-1-dependent transcription at the HBVCP, sensitizing liver cancer cells to cell death from irreparable damage and reducing the HBV production from F881 (Figure S5C) to suppress the cccDNA levels in acceptor cells (Figure 3D,E and Figure 4C).