Consistent with our results, a retrospective study admitting 81 SP patients with IMV reported that not only inflammation indicators including tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), CRP, IL-8 and IL-6 but also blood gas indexes including PO2 and SO2 were significantly better in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) group than those in the control group after bronchoscopy, in which hospital stay, IMV time, and infection control window appearance time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group after bronchoscopy (all p < 0.05) [15]. Here, TNF is linked to infection.