Besides the “oncomicrobes”, 11 microorganisms (7 viruses, 1 bacterium, and 3 parasites, e.g., Epstein–Barr virus, Hepatitis B/C virus, Human Papillomaviruses, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Helicobacter pylori—Hp, labeled as Group 1 carcinogens [55]) of the estimated ~1030 distinct microbial species living on Earth [56], an increasing amount of evidence supports the existence of another category of microorganisms, which is not causally related to cancer but able to promote tumor development and modulate both tumor progression and responses to numerous forms of cancer therapy [30,57]. The gene discussed is HP; the disease is cancer.