LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In late pregnancy, the inflammatory processes are characterized by elevated cytokines such as IL-1Ra, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12p40, IL12p70, IL18, TNF-α [85,86,87,88], increased CRP [87,89,90,91], and increased adhesion molecules, such as the vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) [86,87,88], and proteins associated with endothelial dysfunction like the soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin) in the umbilical cord [87], and in obesity-associated inflammatory processes characterized by increased leptin [92,93].