TNF and stroke disorder: Relative to this, melatonin indirectly reduces RONS production and scavenges free radicals in stroke by modulation of the inflammatory response (Figure 5), regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as inhibiting the activation of NF-κB [251,252].