Additionally, they have higher levels of CCL4 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, MIP-1β), and CCL5 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, also known as RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) compared to hearts without cardiac failure. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and heart failure.