To ascertain if PI3K/Akt signaling is upstream of ROS production, HPAC pancreatic cancer cells were pretreated with PI3K/Akt inhibitors LY294002 (LY; 1 μM) or Wortmannin (WM; 2 μM), followed by NB treatment. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.