ESR2 and breast cancer: 27HC plays a contradictory role in the progression of various cancers; for example, 27HC can increase ER-dependent growth and LXR-dependent metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer [30, 33, 34]; 27HC promotes lung cancer cell proliferation via ERβ and PI3K-Akt signaling, [35] whereas in colorectal cancer, increased production of 27HC inhibits cancer cell survival and infiltration.