The unfavorable prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is associated with high expression and uncontrolled NLRP3 inflammasome activation, high levels of IL-1β, cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced cancer cell invasion, which limit therapeutic options and interfere with patient survival [147, 148]. Here, NLRP3 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.