IL1B and colorectal carcinoma: In 2021, Li and colleagues demonstrated that 5-HT enhances NLRP3 activation and IL-1β secretion, via the ion channel receptor binding (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A; HTR3A)-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca2+/CaMKII complex) axis, providing further evidence that a 5-HT-NLRP3-positive loop encourages CRC progression [122].