For HF patients, those who used less selective SGLT2 inhibitors had a significantly lower risk of MACEs compared to those who used highly selective SGLT2 inhibitors (RR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.90) (Fig. 2E and Additional file 1: Figure S2G, S7D). This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and hydrops fetalis.