A 2021 study on Japanese early-stage T2DM patients analyzed the hazard of UTIs associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors relative to metformin using both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol methods to account for potential effects from treatment changes (additions and discontinuations) and found that SGLT-2 inhibitors did not increase the UTI risks regardless of treatment changes during the follow-up6. The gene discussed is SLC5A2; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.