Repeated oxazolone induces a strong Th2 response with elevated IL-4, IgE levels, and number of Th2 cells compared to vehicle treated mice and induces histopathological characteristic resembling AD in humans.77 However, the prominent Th2 response induced by CS related dysbiosis was not sufficient to increase the sensitivity of oxazolone-induced dermatitis in mice, and we were therefore not able to prove an association between CS and AD. Here, IL4 is linked to Cowden syndrome 1.