TNF and colitis: Parasutterella and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 became dynamic over time in the mouse model of colitis, i.e., they first increased and then decreased, and both bacteria were positively correlated with the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at serum levels, but negatively correlated with the anti-inflammatory factors IL-22 and IL-10 (42), which is consistent with the experimental results obtained in this study.