In addition, the proximal cortical BV (Figure 5D) and distal outer perimeter (Figure 5F) were enhanced for the inject-PT-Ag group compared to the ino-PT-Ag group, indicating that the PT-Ag implants were less able to prevent bone changes when the infection was initiated through in vivo intramedullary injection compared to the in vitro inoculation of the implant prior to implantation. Here, RENBP is linked to infection.