IL18 and Lipedema: In terms of cytokines, it has been previously shown that lipedema patients have increased levels of interleukin (IL) 11, IL-28A and IL-29, with the latter two being known to be secreted by macrophages; however, IL-6, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 have been shown to not be overexpressed in lipedema as highlighted in two of our previous studies, which included the same tissue samples investigated in the work presented here [7,27,44].