SLC38A5 and pancreatic neoplasm: To elucidate the role of SLC38A5 in gemcitabine resistance, we established gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines using PANC-1 and Capan-1 cells (PANC-GR and Capan-GR, respectively) by confirming the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) via a cell viability test (Figure 2A and Figure S2A).