Indeed, pretreatment of αMUPA mice with AF498 (leptin-neutralizing antibody) prior to AKI abolished their resistant to renal damage, as evidenced by increasing renal NGAL and KIM-1 expression, inflammatory and fibrotic response, reducing renal eNOS, ACE2, and PGC-1α along activation of renin. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is acute kidney injury.