Analysis of renal immunoreactive levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p-STAT3, CathepsinL, I Kappa B (IKB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a proinflammatory marker, revealed elevated levels in the renal tissue of WT mice (both males and females) following AKI (Figure 5E–I). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is acute kidney injury.