We have shown that, in retinas of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, oral LG administration via gavage restored electroretinogram (ERG) responses; reduced retinal cell apoptosis, inflammation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and VEGF receptor activation; and prevented damage to the blood–retinal barrier (BRB) [20]. Here, VEGFA is linked to diabetes mellitus.