Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited genetic disorder; currently, approximately 125 genetic polymorphisms of the SERPINA1 gene have been described as associated with the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer [83,84]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.