The evaluation of CCN1 expression in the plasma of patients with IPF reported that the median survival time was 3.3 years for patients with high CCN1 levels (≥0.147 ng/mL) and 5.7 years for patients with low CCN1 levels (<0.147 ng/mL), suggesting that patients with high plasma CCN1 levels had a nearly two-fold increased risk of death compared to subjects with low plasma CCN1 levels [92]. This evidence concerns the gene CCN1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.