BRAF and melanoma: Molecular tests have demonstrated that melanoma is characterized by the presence of mutations in the signaling pathways which regulate proliferation (BRAF, NRAS, and NF1), growth and metabolism (PTEN and KIT), resistance to apoptosis (TP53), length of replication life (TERT), cell identity (ARID2), and control of the cell cycle (CDKN2A) [3,4].