Biomarkers of CRS include hypertension, elevated uric acid, decreased renal function, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and elevated levels of serum soluble CD147 and CD163, renin, mannose-binding lectin, endothelin-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecules, E- selectin, lipocalin-2, angiogenin, apelin, chemerin, complement components and NT-proBNP levels [116,117,118,119,199]. Here, NPPB is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.