Cytokines and interleukins (e.g., IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17B, IL-17E, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-35) and chemokines (e.g., CCL2,3,5,20,21) are often elevated in SSc [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67] (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and systemic sclerosis.