Each age group was then further categorized into two subgroups on the basis of HbA1c% status: T1D-1/2 (HbA1c% > 7.0%; n = 6) and INT-1/2 (HbA1c% < 7.0% following ≥ 3-mo insulin treatment; n = 6). Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.