ACE and kidney disorder: In accordance with our study, a small single-center study (n = 60) evaluating patient-level medication complexity over time showed that 5 years after surgery, HTx recipients were treated with increasing amounts of immunosuppressants, antihypertensives (81.8% used ACE/AT II inhibitors), and lipid modifying agents (98.3% used statins) to treat both existing and new-onset morbidities [7] as well as complications (allograft vasculopathy, graft failure, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and kidney disease, etc.)[3].