With respect to craniofacial defects, we observed tectal hypertrophy, enlarged forebrain and facial defects, initially observed at E13.5, including microphthalmia/anophthalmia and microtia, some of which were phenocopied in Gpr161 cKO mice with Wnt1-Cre in our previous study (Kim et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene WNT1 and microtia.