Malnutrition was diagnosed using the MNA-SF in 4 studies (Mazzola et al. 2017; Chu et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2020; Sánchez Acedo et al. 2020), NRS-2002 in 2 studies (Velayati et al. 2019; Ringaitiene et al. 2015), and MNA or albumin in 1 study (Wulp et al. 2021). Here, ALB is linked to nutritional deficiency disease.