TGFB1 and Dysmenorrhea: Further, Masson’s trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to determine the extent of fibrosis and expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of fibrosis; and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), a marker of nerve fibres, in order to evaluate the relationship of these markers with lesion stiffness and the degree of dysmenorrhea.