In summary, these previous studies show that Atg16L1 plays a critical role in controlling intestinal epithelial homeostasis and inflammatory immune responses Other Except autophagy-related genes (such as Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) also have been shown to contribute to IBD, but, in contrast to the case with ATG16L1, the precise mechanism for the role of these other genes remain unknown14. Here, LRRK2 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.