GTPBP3 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: TTN, MYH7, and TNNT2 mutations also lead to DCM and RCM.319,320 Other DCM-related genes include LMNA, RBM20, and BAG3. GTPBP3 or MTO1 mutation-mediated impaired τm5U formation on mitochondrial tRNAs and mitochondrial dysfunction results in HCM.289,290,321 Cardiac-specific PTCD1-cKO causes DCM, because PTCD1 is essential for the Ψ on 16S rRNA at position 2509 and the stability of 16S rRNA, which affects the assembly of LSU, the mitochondrial function, and the following mTOR signaling.322 Gao et al.323 observed that cardiac-specific YTHDC1-cKO leads to DCM.