PTEN and triple-negative breast carcinoma: To verify that the taRNA-mediated upregulation of protein levels can produce a phenotypic effect, we used PTV-IIIab-based taRNAs to simultaneously boost the expression of both PTEN and CDKN1A in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 (Supplementary Fig. 3k), and monitored cellular viability.