In the untreated index tumor, all RFA treatment groups (RFA-lip-GM-CSF, RFA-BL, RFA alone) demonstrated an equivalent shift towards CD8+ cells, as compared to no-shift in CD4/CD8 ratios for all non-RFA arms (lip-GM-CSF, fr-GM-CSF, and sham) (p<0.05). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.