Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the combination of adjuvant liposomal GM-CSF (lip-GM-CSF) following thermal tumor ablation (using RFA) on the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in local and distant tumor in a rat breast cancer model–with specific attention regarding its effect upon antigen-presenting cell trafficking and maturation (dendritic cells and macrophages) and their downstream effector cell populations (i.e., cytotoxic T cell lymphocytes). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and breast carcinoma.