TP53 and microcephaly: Despite the indisputable relevance of the previously mentioned mechanisms, the DNA damage resulting in p53-dependent apoptosis is believed to be the main factor leading to microcephaly after radiation exposure (Verheyde et al., 2006; Quintens et al., 2015; Verreet et al., 2015; Mfossa et al., 2020), and as well in many other developmental syndromes (Bowen and Attardi, 2019) as discussed here.