It is mainly divided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, immune-mediated diabetes, and islet β-cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency, with positive autoantibodies) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, ranging from predominantly insulin resistance (IR) with relative insulin deficiency to predominantly an insulin secretory defect with IR). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.