In the context of COVID-19, its anti-inflammatory actions involve reducing the levels of various pro-inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (Justice et al., 2021). Here, TNF is linked to COVID-19.