“Input cytokines” in epidermal keratinocytes include IL-1α/β/Ra, IL-4, IL-13, IL-17A/AF/C/F, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-27, IL-31, IL-36α/β/γ/Ra, IL-37, IL-38, IFN-α/β/ε/γ/κ/λ1/λ2/λ3/λ4/ω, oncostatin M (OSM) and TNF-α (Figures 1–3, Table 1). The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is atrial fibrillation.