ESRD, end-stage renal disease; SD, standard deviation; n, number; COS, calcium oxalate stone; ERβ, estrogen receptor beta; ERβKO, ERβ-knockout; PHTPP, 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl]phenol; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy; RDL, reproductive lifespan duration; EEE, endogenous estrogen exposure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ROS, reactive oxygen species. This evidence concerns the gene ESR2 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.