The potential correlation between MGMT promoter methylation and chemotherapy efficacy in patients with glioblastoma has yet to be substantiated through a prospective investigation [21,51]. In a randomized trial, it was seen that patients with MGMT-methylated tumors had a two-year overall survival rate of 49% compared to 15% in those with unmethylated tumors [33]. The gene discussed is MGMT; the disease is glioblastoma.