Our study further substantiates that CTLA-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab) poses a higher risk for inducing endocrine diseases, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders, and a relatively lower risk for inducing cardiac, hematologic, and lymphatic diseases compared to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (Figure 2). Here, CD274 is linked to digestive system disorder.